Paper 1 : 

---

1. Non‐chordata and Chordata: 

1. Classification and relationship of various phyla up to subclasses: Acoelomate and Coelomate, Protostomes and Deuterostomes, Bilateria and Radiata; Status of Protista, Parazoa, Onychophora and Hemichordata; Symmetry. 
2. Protozoa: Locomotion, nutrition, reproduction, sex; General features and life history of Paramecium, Monocystis. Plasmodium and Leishmania.
3. Porifera: Skeleton, canal system and reproduction. 
4. Cnidaria: Polymorphism, defensive structures and their mechanism; coral reefs and their formation; metagenesis; general features and life history of Obelia and Aurelia. 
5. Platyhelminthes: Parasitic adaptation; general features and life history of Fasciola and Taenia and their-Pathogenic symptoms. 
6. Nemathelminthes: General features, life history, parasitic adaptation of Ascaris  andWuchereria. 
7. Annelida: Coelom and metamerism; modes of life in polychaetes; general features and life history of Nereis, earthworm and leech. 
8. Arthropoda: Larval forms and parasitism in Crustacea; vision and respiration in arthropods (Prawn, cockroach and scorpion); modification of mouth, parts in insects (cockroach, mosquito, housefly, honey bee and butterfly),  metamorphosis in insect and its hormonal regulation, socialbehaviour ofApis and termites. 
9. Molluscs: Feeding, respiration, locomotion, general features and life history of Lamellidens, Pila and Sepia. Torsion and detorsion in gastropods. 
10. Echinodermata: Feeding, respiration, locomotion, larval forms, general features and life history of Asterias. 
11. Protochordata: Origin of chordates; general features and life history of Branchiostoma and Herdmania. 
12. Pisces: Respiration, locomotion and migration. 
13. Amphibia: Origin of tetrapods, parental care, paedomorphosis. 
14. Reptilia; Origin of reptiles, skull types, status of Sphenodon and crocodiles. 
15. Aves: Origin of birds, flight adaptation, migration. 
16. Mammalia: Origin of mammals, dentition, general features of egg laying mammals, pouched mammals, aquatic mammals and primates, endocrine glands (pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads) and their interrelationships. 
17. Comparative functional anatomy of various systems of vertebrates. (Integument and its derivatives, endoskeleton, locomotory organs, digestive system,. respiratory system, circulatory system including heart and aortic arches, urinogenital system, brain and sense organs (eye and ear). 

2. Ecology: 

1. Biosphere: concept of biosphere; biomes, Biogeochemical cycles, Human induced changes in atmosphere including greenhouse effect, ecological succession, biomes and ecotones, community ecology. 
2. Concept of ecosystem; structure and function of ecosystem, types of ecosystem, ecological succession, ecological adaptation.
3. Population; characteristics, population dynamics, population stabilisation. 
4. Biodiversity and diversity conservation of natural resources. 
5. Wildlife of India. 
6. Remote sensing for sustainable development.  
7. Environmental biodegradation; pollution and its impact on biosphere and its prevention. 

3. Ethology:

1. Behaviour: Sensory filtering, responsiveness, sign stimuli, learning, and memory, instinct, habituation, conditioning, imprinting. 
2. Role of hormones in drive; role of pheromones in alarm spreading; crypsis, predator detection, predator tactics, social hierarchies in primates, social organisation in insects;
3. Orientation, navigation, homing; biological rhythms: biological clock, tidal, seasonal and circadian rhythms. 
4. Methods of studying animal behaviour including sexual conflict, selfishness, kinship and altruism. 

4. Economic Zoology: 

1. Apiculture, sericulture, lac culture, carp culture, pearl culture, prawn culture, vermiculture. 
2. Major infectious and communicable diseases (malaria, filaria, tuberculosis, cholera and AIDS) their vectors, pathogens and prevention.
3. Cattle and livestock diseases, their pathogens (helminths) and vectors (ticks, mites, Tabanus,  Stomoxys). 
4. Pests of sugarcane (Pyrilla perpusilla), oil seed (Achaeajanata) and rice (Sitophilus oryzae). 
5. Transgenic animals. 
6. Medical biotechnology, human genetic disease and genetic counselling, gene therapy. 
7. Forensic biotechnology. 

5. Biostatistics:

Designing of experiments; null hypothesis; correlation, regression, distribution and measure of central  tendency, chi square, student-test, F-test (one-way & two-way F-test). 

6. Instrumentation methods: 

1. Spectrophotometer, phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy, radioactive tracer, ultracentrifuge, gel. electrophoresis, PCR, ELISA, FISH and  chromosome painting. 
2. Electron microscopy (TEM, SEM). 

Paper 2 : 

---

1. Cell Biology:

1. Structure and function of cell and its organelles (nucleus, plasma membrane, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes and lysosomes), cell division (mitosis and meiosis), mitotic spindle and mitotic apparatus, chromosome movement chromosome type polytene and lampbrush, organisation of chromatin, heterochromatin, Cell cycle regulation. 
2. Nucleic acid topology, DNA motif, DNA replication, transcription, RNA processing, translation, protein foldings and transport.  

2. Genetics:

1. Modern concept of gene, split gene, genetic regulation, genetic, code.  
2. Sex chromosomes and their evolution, sex determination in Drosophila and humans.
3. Mendel’s laws of inheritance, recombination, linkage, multiple alleles, genetics of blood groups, pedigree analysis, hereditary diseases in humans.  
4. Mutations and mutagenesis. 
5. Recombinant DNA technology, plasmid, cosmid, artificial chromosomes as vectors, transgenics, DNA cloning and whole animal cloning (principles and methods).  
6. Gene regulation and expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.  
7. Signal molecules, cell death, defects in signalling pathways and consequences. 
8. RFLP, RAPD and AFLF and application of RFLP in DNA finger-printing,  ribozyme technologies, human genome project, genomics and proteomics.  

3. Evolution:

1. Theories of origin of life. 
2. Theories of evolution; Natural selection, role of mutation in evolution, evolutionary patterns, molecular drive, mimicry, variation, isolation and speciation. 
3. Evolution of horse, elephant and human using fossil data. 
4. Hardy-Weinberg Law.  
5. Continental drift and distribution of animals. 

4. Systematics: 

Zoological nomenclature, international code, cladistics, molecular taxonomy and biodiversity. 

5. Biochemistry:

1. Structure and role of carbohydrates, fats, fatty acids, cholesterol, proteins and amino-acids, nucleic acids. Bioenergetics. 
2. Glycolysis and Krebs cycle, oxidation and reduction, oxidative phosphorylation; energy conservation and release, ATP, cycl cyclic AMP-its structure and role.
3. Hormone classification (steroid and peptide hormones), biosynthesis and functions. 
4. Enzymes: types and mechanisms of action.  
5. Vitamins and coenzymes. 
6. Immunoglobulin and immunity.  

6. Physiology(with special reference to mammals):

1. Composition and constituents of blood; blood groups and Rh factor in humans; factors and mechanism of coagulation; iron metabolism, acid-base balance, thermoregulation, anticoagulants. 
2. Haemoglobin: Composition, types and role in transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
3. Digestion and absorption: Role of salivary glands, liver, pancreas and intestinal glands. 
4. Excretion: nephron and regulation of urine formation; osmo-regulation and excretory product. 
5. Muscles: Types, mechanism of contraction of skeletal muscles, effects of exercise on muscles.  
6. Neuron: nerve impulse—its conduction and synaptic transmission; neurotransmitters. 
7. Vision, hearing and olfaction in humans. 
8. Physiology of reproduction puberty and menopause in humans.  

7. Developmental Biology:

1. Gametogenesis; spermatogenesis, composition of semen, in vitro and in vivo capacitation of mammalian sperm, Oogenesis, totipotency; fertilisation, morphogenesis and morphogen; blastogenesis, establishment of body axes formation, fate map, gastrulation in frog and chick; genes in development in chick homeotic genes, development of eye and heart, placenta in mammals. 
2. Cell lineage, cell to cell interaction, Genetic and induced teratogenesis, role of thyroxine in control of metamorphosis in amphibia, paedogenesis and neoteny, cell death, ageing.
3. Developmental genes in humans, in vitro fertilisation; and embryo transfer; cloning. 
4. Stem cells: Sources, types and their use in human welfare. 
5. Biogenetic law. 

Paper 1 : 

---

1. Probability: 

• Sample space and events, probability measure and probability space, random variable as a measurable function. 
• Distribution function of a random variable, discrete and continuous-type random variable, probability mass function, probability density function, vector-valued random variable, marginal and conditional distributions, stochastic independence of events and of random variables, expectation and moments of a random variable, conditional expectation, convergence of a sequence of random variable in distribution, in probability, in path mean and almost everywhere, their criteria and inter-relations, Chebyshev’s inequality and Khintchine’s weak law of large numbers, strong law of large numbers and Kolmogoroffs theorems, probability generating function, moment generating function, characteristic function, inversion theorem, Lindenberg and Levy forms of central limit theorem, standard discrete and continuous probability distributions.  

2. Statistical Inference: 

• Consistency, unbiasedness, efficiency, sufficiency, completeness, ancillary statistics, factorization theorem, exponential family of distribution and its properties, uniformly minimum variance unbiased (UMVU) estimation, Rao Blackwell and Lehmann-Scheffe theorems, Cramer-Rao inequality for single Parameter. Estimation by methods of moments, maximum likelihood, least squares, minimum chi square and modified minimum chi square, properties of maximum likelihood and other estimators, asymptotic efficiency, prior and posterior distributions, loss function, risk function, and minimax estimator. Bayes estimators. 
• Non-randomised and randomised tests, critical function, MP tests, Neyman-Pearson lemma, UMP tests, monotone likelihood ratio: similar and unbiased tests, UMPU tests for single parameter likelihood ratio test and its asymptotic distribution. Confidence bounds and its relation with tests. 
• Kolmogorov’s test for goodness of fit and its consistency, sign test and its optimality. Wilcoxon signed ranks test and its consistency, Kolmogorov-Smirnov two sample test, run test, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test and median test, their consistency and asymptotic normality. 
• Wald’s SPRT and its properties, Oc and ASN functions for tests regarding parameters for Bernoulli, Poisson, normal and exponential distributions. Wald’s fundamental identity.  

3. Linear Inference and Multivariate Analysis:

Linear statistical models, theory of least squares and analysis of variance, Gauss-Markoff theory, normal equations, least squares estimates and their precision, test of significance and interval estimates based on least squares theory in one-way, two-way and three-way classified data, regression analysis, linear regression, curvilinear regression and orthogonal polynomials, multiple regression, multiple and partial correlations, estimation of variance and covariance components, multivariate normal distribution, Mahalanobis’s D2 and Hotelling’s T2 statistics and their applications and properties, discriminant analysis, canonical correlations, principal component analysis. 

4. Sampling Theory and Design of Experiments: 

• An outline of fixed-population and super-population approaches, distinctive features of finite population sampling, probability sampling designs, simple random sampling with and without replacement,  stratified random sampling, systematic sampling and its efficacy, cluster sampling, two stage and multistage sampling, ratio and regression methods of estimation involving one or more auxiliary variables, two-phase sampling, probability proportional to size sampling with and without replacement, the Hansen-Hurwitz and the HorvitzThompson estimators, non-negative variance estimation with reference to the Horvitz-Thompson estimator, non-sampling errors. 
• Fixed effects model (two-way classification) random and mixed effects models (two-way classification with equal observation per cell), CRD, RBD, LSD and their analyses, incomplete block designs, concepts of orthogonality and balance, BIBD, missing plot technique, factorial experiments and 24 and 32, confounding in factorial experiments, split-plot and simple lattice designs, transformation of data Duncan’s multiple range test. 

Paper 2 : 

---

1. Industrial Statistics: 

• Process and product control, general theory of control charts, different types of control charts for variables and attributes, X, R, s, p, np and  charts, cumulative sum charts. Single, double, multiple and sequential sampling plans for attributes, OC, ASN, AOQ and ATI curves, concepts of producers and consumer’s risks, AQL, LTPD and AOQL, Sampling plans for variables, Use of  Dodge-Romin tables. 
• Concept of reliability, failure rate and reliability functions, reliability of series and parallel systems and other simple configurations, renewal density and renewal function, Failure models: exponential, Weibull, normal, lognormal. Problems in life testing, censored and truncated experiments for exponential models.  

2. Optimization Techniques: 

• Different types of models in Operations Research, their construction and general methods of solution, simulation and Monte-Carlo methods formulation of Linear Programming (LP) problem, simple LP model and its graphical solution, the simplex procedure, the two-phase method and the M-technique with artificial variables, the duality theory of LP and its economic interpretation, sensitivity analysis, transportation and assignment problems, rectangular games, two-person zero sum games, methods of solution (graphical and algebraic). 
• Replacement of failing or deteriorating items, group and individual replacement policies, concept of scientific inventory management and analytical structure of inventory problems, simple models with deterministic and stochastic demand with and without lead time, storage models with particular reference to dam type. 
• Homogeneous discrete-time Markov chains, transition probability matrix, classification of states and ergodic theorems, homogeneous continuous-time Markov chains, Poisson process, elements of queuing theory, M/MI, M/M/K, G/M/l and M/G/1 queues. 
• Solution of statistical problems on computers using well known statistical software packages like SPSS. 

3. Quantitative Economics and Official Statistics: 

• Determination of trend, seasonal and cyclical components, Box-Jenkins method, tests for stationary series, ARIMA models and determination of orders of autoregressive and moving average components, fore-casting. 
• Commonly used index numbers- Laspeyres, Paasche’s and Fisher’s ideal index numbers, cham-base index number, uses and limitations of index numbers, index number of wholesale prices, consumer price, agricultural production and industrial production, test for index numbers-proportionality, time-reversal, factor-reversal and circular.  
• General linear model, ordinary least square and generalised least squares methods of estimation, problem of multicollinearity, consequences and solutions of multicollinearity, autocorrelation and its consequences, heteroscedasticity of disturbances and its testing, test for independence of disturbances concept of structure and model for simultaneous equations, problem of identification-rank and order conditions of identifiability, two-stage least square method of estimation. 
• Present official statistical system in India relating to population, agriculture, industrial production, trade and prices, methods of collection of official statistics, their reliability and limitations, principal publications containing such statistics, various official agencies responsible for data collection and their main functions. 

4. Demography and Psychometry: 

• Demographic data from census, registration, NSS other surveys, their limitations. and uses, definition, construction and uses of vital rates and ratios, measures of fertility, reproduction rates, morbidity rate, standardised death rate, complete and abridged life tables, construction of life tables from vital statistics and census returns, uses of life tables, logistic and other population growth curves, fitting a logistic curve, population projection, stable population, quasi-stable population, techniques in estimation of demographic parameters, standard classification by cause of death, health surveys and use of hospital statistics. 
• Methods of standardisation of scales and tests, Z-scores, standard scores, T-scores, percentile scores, intelligence quotient and its measurement and uses, validity and reliability of test scores and its determination, use of factor analysis and path analysis in psychometry. 

PAPER 1 : FUNDAMENTALS OF SOCIOLOGY 

---

1. Sociology‐The Discipline: 

1. Modernity and social changes in Europe and emergence of Sociology. 
2. Scope of the subject and comparison with other social sciences.
3. Sociology and common sense. 

2. Sociology as Science: 

1. Science, scientific method and critique. 
2. Major theoretical strands of research methodology. 
3. Positivism and its critique. 
4. Fact value and objectivity. 
5. Non-positivist methodologies. 

3. Research Methods and Analysis: 

1. Qualitative and quantitative methods. 
2. Techniques of data collection. 
3. Variables, sampling, hypothesis, reliability and validity. 

4. Sociological Thinkers: 

1. Karl Marx – Historical materialism, mode of production, alienation, class struggle. 
2. Emile Durkhteim – Division of labour, social fact, suicide, religion and society. 
3. Max Weber – Social action, ideal types, authority, bureaucracy, protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism. 
4. Talcott Parsons – Social system, pattern variables. 
5. Robert K. Merton – Latent and manifest functions, conformity and deviance, reference groups. 
6. Mead – Self and identity. 

5. Stratification and Mobility: 

1. Concepts – equality, inequality, hierarchy, exclusion, poverty and deprivation. 
2. Theories of social stratification – Structural functionalist theory, Marxist theory, Weberian theory. 
3. Dimensions – Social stratification of class, status groups, gender, ethnicity and race. 
4. Social mobility – open and closed systems, types of mobility, sources and causes of mobility. 

6. Works and Economic Life: 

1. Social organisation of work in different types of society – slave society, feudal society, industrial capitalist society. 
2. Formal and informal organisation of work.  
3. Labour and society. 

7. Politics and Society: 

1. Sociological theories of power.  
2. Power elite, bureaucracy, pressure groups and political parties. 
3. Nation, state, citizenship, democracy, civil society, ideology. 
4. Protest, agitation, social movements, collective action, revolution. 

8. Religion and Society:

1. Sociological theories of religion. 
2. Types of religious practices: animism, monism, pluralism, sects, cults. 
3. Religion in modern society: religion and science, secularisation, religious revivalism, fundamentalism. 

9. Systems of Kinship: 

1. Family, household, marriage. 
2. Types and forms of family.  
3. Lineage and descent. 
4. Patriarchy and sexual division of labour.  
5. Contemporary trends. 

10. Social Change in Modern Society: 

1. Sociological theories of social change.  
2. Development and dependency. 
3. Agents of social change. 
4. Education and social change. 

Science, technology and social change.

PAPER–2 : INDIAN SOCIETY: STRUCTURE AND CHANGE

---

A. Introducing Indian Society: 

(i) Perspectives on the Study of Indian Society: 

1. Indology (G.S. Ghure). 
2. Structural functionalism (M. N. Srinivas). 
3. Marxist sociology (A. R. Desai). 

(ii) Impact of colonial rule on Indian society: 

1. Social background of Indian nationalism.  
2. Modernization of Indian tradition. 
3. Protests and movements during the colonial period. 
4. Social reforms. 

B. Social Structure: 

(i) Rural and Agrarian Social Structure: 

1. The idea of Indian village and village studies. 
2. Agrarian social structure—evolution of land tenure system, land reforms. 

(ii) Caste System:

1. Perspectives on the study of caste systems: G. S. Ghurye, M. N. Srinivas, Louis Dumont, Andre Beteille. 
2. Features of caste system. 
3. Untouchability-forms and perspectives 

(iii) Tribal Communities in India:  

1. Definitional problems.  
2. Geographical spread. 
3. Colonial policies and tribes. 
4. Issues of integration and autonomy. 

(iv) Social Classes in India: 

1. Agrarian class structure.  
2. Industrial class structure. 
3. Middle classes in India. 

(v) Systems of Kinship in India:  

1. Lineage and descent in India. 
2. Types of kinship systems. 
3. Family and marriage in India. 
4. Household dimensions of the family. 
5. Patriarchy, entitlements and sexual division of labour. 

(vi) Religion and Society: 

1. Religious communities in India. 
2. Problems of religious minorities. 

C. Social Changes in India: 

(i) Visions of Social Change in India: 

1. Idea of development planning and mixed economy. 
2. Constitution, law and social change.  
3. Education and social change. 

(ii) Rural and Agrarian Transformation in India: 

1. Programmes of rural development, Community Development Programme, cooperatives, poverty alleviation schemes. 
2. Green revolution and social change.
3. Changing modes of production in Indian agriculture. 
4. Problems of rural labour, bondage, migration. 

(iii) Industrialization and Urbanisation in India:  

1. Evolution of modern industry in India.  
2. Growth of urban settlements in India.
3. Working class: structure, growth, class mobilisation. 
4. Informal sector, child labour. 
5. Slums and deprivation in urban areas. 

(iv) Politics and Society: 

1. Nation, democracy and citizenship. 
2. Political parties, pressure groups, social and political elite.
3. Regionalism and decentralisation of power. 
4. Secularisation. 

(v) Social Movements in Modern India: 

1. Peasants and farmers movements.  
2. Women’s movement. 
3. Backward classes & Dalit movements.  
4. Environmental movements. 
5. Ethnicity and Identity movements.  

(vi) Population Dynamics: 

1. Population size, growth, composition and distribution. 
2. Components of population growth: birth, death, migration.
3. Population Policy and family planning. 
4. Emerging issues: ageing, sex ratios, child and infant mortality, reproductive health. 

(vii) Challenges of Social Transformation: 

1. Crisis of development: displacement, environmental problems and sustainability. 
2. Poverty, deprivation and inequalities. 
3. Violence against women. 
4. Caste conflicts. 
5. Ethnic conflicts, communalism, religious revivalism. 
6. Illiteracy and disparities in education.

Paper 1 : Administration Theory

---

1. Introduction: 

Meaning, scope and significance of Public Administration, Wilson’s vision of Public Administration, Evolution of the discipline and its present status. New Public Administration, Public Choice approach; Challenges of liberalisation, Privatisation, Globalisation; Good Governance: concept and application; New Public Management. 

2. Administrative Thought: 

Scientific Management and Scientific Management movement; Classical Theory; Weber’s bureaucratic model, its critique and post-Weberian Developments; Dynamic Administration (Mary Parker Follett); Human Relations School (Elton Mayo and others); Functions of the Executive (C.I. Barnard); Simon’s decision-making theory; Participative Management (R. Likert, C. Argyris, D. McGregor.) 

3. Administrative Behaviour: 

Process and techniques of decision-making; Communication; Morale; Motivation Theories content, process and contemporary; Theories of Leadership: Traditional and Modem: 

4. Organisations: 

Theories systems, contingency; Structure and forms: Ministries and Departments, Corporations, Companies; Boards and Commissions; Ad hoc, and advisory bodies; Headquarters and Field relationships; Regulatory Authorities; Public-Private Partnerships. 

5. Accountability and Control:

Concepts of accountability and control; Legislative, Executive and judicial control over administration; Citizen and Administration; Role of media, interest groups, voluntary organisations; Civil society; Citizen’s Charters; Right to Information; Social audit. 

6. Administrative Law: 

Meaning, scope and significance; Dicey on Administrative law; Delegated legislation; Administrative Tribunals. 

7. Comparative Public Administration:

Historical and sociological factors affecting administrative systems; Administration and politics in different countries; Current status of Comparative Public Administration; Ecology and administration; Riggsian models and their critique. 

8. Development Dynamics: 

Concept of development; Changing profile of development administration; ‘Anti-development thesis’; Bureaucracy and development; Strong state versus the market debate; Impact of liberalisation on administration in developing countries; Women and development the self-help group movement. 

9. Personnel Administration: 

Importance of human resource development; Recruitment, training, career advancement, position classification, discipline, performance appraisal, promotion, pray and service conditions; employer-employee relations, grievance redressal mechanism; Code of conduct; Administrative ethics. 

10. Public Policy: 

Models of policy-making and their critique; Processes of conceptualisation, planning, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and review and their limitations; State theories and public policy formulation. 

11. Techniques of Administrative Improvement: 

Organisation and methods, Work study and work management; e-governance and information technology; Management aid tools like network analysis, MIS, PERT, CPM. 

12. Financial Administration: 

Monetary and fiscal policies: Public borrowings and public debt Budgets types and forms; Budgetary process; Financial accountability; Accounts and audit.

Paper 2 : Indian Administration 

---

1. Evolution of Indian Administration: 

Kautilya Arthashastra; Mughal administration; Legacy of British rule in politics and administration Indianization of Public services, revenue administration, district Administration, local self Government. 

2. Philosophical and Constitutional framework of Government: 

Salient features and value premises; Constitutionalism; Political culture; Bureaucracy and democracy; Bureaucracy and development. 

3. Public Sector Undertakings: 

Public sector in modern India; Forms of Public Sector Undertakings; Problems of autonomy, accountability and control; Impact of liberalisation and privatisation. 

4. Union Government and Administration: 

Executive, Parliament, Judiciary-structure, functions, work processes; Recent trends; Intra-governmental relations; Cabinet Secretariat; Prime Minister’s Office; Central Secretariat; Ministries and Departments; Boards; Commissions;  Attached offices; Field organisations. 

5. Plans and Priorities: 

Machinery of planning; Role, composition and functions of the Planning Commission and the National Development Council; ‘Indicative’ planning; Process of plan formulation at Union and State levels; Constitutional Amendments (1992) and decentralised planning for economic development and social justice. 

6. State Government and Administration: Union-State administrative, legislative and financial relations; Role of the Finance Commission; Governor; Chief Minister; Council of Ministers; Chief Secretary; State Secretariat; Directorates. 

7. District Administration since Independence: Changing role of the Collector; Union-State-local relations; Imperatives of development management and law and order administration; District administration and democratic decentralisation. 

8. Civil Services: 

Constitutional position; Structure, recruitment, training and capacity building; Good governance initiatives; Code of conduct and discipline; Staff associations; Political rights; Grievance redressal mechanism; Civil service neutrality; Civil service activism. 

9. Financial Management: 

Budget as a political instrument; Parliamentary control of public expenditure; Role of finance ministry in monetary and fiscal area; Accounting techniques; Audit; Role of Controller General of Accounts and Comptroller and Auditor  General of India. 

10. Administrative Reforms since Independence: 

Major concerns; Important Committees and Commissions; Reforms in financial management and human resource development; Problems of implementation. 

11. Rural Development: 

Institutions and agencies since Independence; Rural development programmes: foci and strategies; Decentralization and Panchayati Raj; 73rd Constitutional amendment. 

12. Urban Local Government: 

Municipal governance: main features, structures, finance and problem areas; 74th Constitutional Amendment; Global-local debate; New localism; Development dynamics, politics and administration with special reference to city  management. 

13. Law and Order Administration: 

British legacy; National Police Commission; Investigative agencies; Role of Central and State Agencies including para military forces in maintenance of law and order and countering insurgency and terrorism; Criminalisation of politics and administration; Police-public relations; Reforms in Police. 

14. Significant issues in Indian Administration: 

Values in public service; Regulatory Commissions; National Human Rights Commission; Problems of administration in coalition regimes; Citizen administration interface; Corruption and administration; Disaster management.

Paper 1 : Foundations of Psychology

---

1. Introduction: 

Definition of Psychology; Historical antecedents of Psychology and trends in the 21st century; Psychology and scientific methods; Psychology in relation to other social sciences and natural sciences; Application of Psychology to societal problems. 

2. Methods of Psychology: 

Types of research : Descriptive, evaluative, diagnostic and prognostic; Methods of Research : Survey, observation, case-study and experiments; Characteristics of experimental design and non-experimental designs; quasi-experimental designs; Focussed group discussions, brain storming, grounded theory approach. 

3. Research methods: 

Major steps in psychological research (problem statement, hypothesis formulation, research design, sampling, tools of data collection, analysis and interpretation and report writing); Fundamental versus applied research; Methods of data collection (interview, observation, questionnaire and case study). Research Designs (Ex-post facto and experimental). Application of statistical techniques (t-test, two-way ANOVA, correlation and regression and factor analysis) item response theory. 

4. Development of Human Behaviour: 

Growth and development; Principles of development, Role of genetic and environmental factors in determining human behaviour; Influence of cultural factors in socialisation; Life span development—Characteristics, development tasks, promoting psychological well-being across major stages of the life span. 

5. Sensation, Attention and Perception: 

Sensation: concepts of threshold, absolute and difference thresholds, signal-detection and vigilance; Factors influencing attention including set and characteristics of stimulus; Definition and concept of perception, biological factors in perception; Perceptual organisation-influence of past experiences, perceptual defence-factor influencing space and depth perception, size estimation and perceptual readiness; The plasticity of perception; Extrasensory perception; Culture and perception, Subliminal perception. 

6. Learning: 

Concepts and theories of learning (Behaviourists, Gestalt List and Information processing models). The processes of extinction, discrimination and generalisation. Programmed learning, probability learning, self instructional learning, concepts, types and the schedules of reinforcement, escape, avoidance and punishment, modelling and social learning. 

7. Memory: 

Encoding and remembering; Short-term memory, Long-term memory, Sensory memory, Iconic memory, Echoic memory: The Multistore model, levels of processing; Organization and Mnemonic techniques to improve memory; Theories of forgetting: decay, interference and retrieval failure: Metamemory; Amnesia: Anterograde and retrograde. 

8. Thinking and Problem Solving:  

Piaget’s theory of cognitive development; Concept formation processes; Information processing, Reasoning and problem solving, Facilitating and hindering factors in problem solving, Methods of problem solving: Creative thinking and fostering creativity; Factors influencing decision making and judgement; Recent trends. 

9. Motivation and Emotion: 

Psychological and physiological basis of motivation and emotion; Measurement of motivation and emotion; Effects of motivation and emotion  on behaviour; Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation; Factors influencing intrinsic motivation; Emotional competence and the related issues. 

10. Intelligence and Aptitude: 

Concept of intelligence and aptitude, Nature and theories of intelligence-Spearman, Thurstone, Gulford Vernon, Sternberg and J.P. Das; Emotional Intelligence, Social intelligence, measurement of intelligence and aptitudes, concept of  I Q deviation I Q, constancy of I Q; Measurement of multiple intelligence; Fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence. 

11. Personality: 

Definition and concept of personality; Theories of personality (psychoanalytical, socio-cultural, interpersonal, developmental, humanistic, behaviouristic, trait and type approaches); Measurement of personality (projective tests, pencil-paper test); The Indian approach to personality; Training for personality development; Latest approaches like big 5 factor theory; The notion of self in different traditions. 

12. Attitudes, Values and Interests: 

Definitions of attitudes, values and interests; Components of attitudes; Formation and maintenance of attitudes. Measurement of attitudes, values and interests. Theories of  attitude changes, strategies for fostering values. Formation of stereotypes and prejudices; Changing other’s behaviour, Theories of attribution; Recent trends. 

13. Language and Communication: 

Human language—Properties, structure and linguistic hierarchy, Language acquisition—predisposition, critical period hypothesis; Theories of Language development—Skinner and Chomsky; Process and types of communication—effective commu-nication training. 

14. Issues and Perspectives in Modern Contemporary Psychology:

Computer application in the psychological laboratory and psychological testing; Artificial intelligence;  Psycho Cybernetics; Study of consciousness sleep-wake schedules; dreams, stimulus deprivation, meditation, hypnotic/drug induced states; Extrasensory perception; Intersensory perception; Simulation studies. 

Paper 2 : Psychology: Issues and applications

---

1. Psychological Measurement of Individual Differences:

The nature of individual differences. Characteristics and construction of standardised psychological tests. Types of psychological tests. Use, misuse and limitation of psychological tests. Ethical issues in the use of psychological tests. 

2. Psychological well being and Mental Disorders: 

Concept of health-ill health positive health, well being causal factors in Mental disorders (Anxiety disorders, mood disorders; schizophrenia and delusional disorders; personality disorders, substance abuse disorders).  Factors influencing positive health, well being; lifestyle and quality of life; Happiness disposition. 

3. Therapeutic Approaches: 

Psychodynamic therapies. Behaviour therapies. Client centered therapy. Cognitive therapies. Indigenous therapies (Yoga, Meditation). Biofeedback therapy. Prevention and rehabilitation of the mentally ill; Fostering mental health. 

4. Work Psychology and Organisational Behaviour:

Personnel selection and training. Use of Psychological tests in the industry. Training and human resource development. Theories of work motivation. Herzberg, Maslow, Adam Equity theory, Porter and Lawler, Vroom; Leadership and participatory management; Advertising and marketing; Stress and its management; Ergonomics; consumer psychology; Managerial effectiveness; Transformational leadership; Sensitivity training; Power and politics in organisations. 

5. Application of Psychology to Educational Field: 

Psychological principles underlying effective teaching-learning process. Learning styles. Gifted, retarded, learning disabled and their training. Training for improving memory and better academic achievement. Personality development and value education. Educational, vocational guidance and Career counselling. Use of Psychological tests in educational institutions; Effective strategies in guidance programmes. 

6. Community Psychology: 

Definition and concept of Community Psychology.  Use of small groups in social action. Arousing Community consciousness and action for handling social problems. Group decision making and leadership for social change. Effective strategies for social change. 

7. Rehabilitation Psychology:

Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention programmes—role of psychologists. Organising services for rehabilitation of physically, mentally and socially challenged persons including old persons. Rehabilitation of persons suffering from substance abuse, juvenile delinquency, criminal behaviours. Rehabilitation of victims of violence. Rehabilitation of HIV/AIDS victims, the role of social agencies.

8. Application of Psychology to disadvantaged groups: 

The concepts of disadvantaged, deprivation, social, physical, cultural and economic consequences of disadvantaged and deprived groups.  Educating and motivating the disadvantaged towards development; Relative and prolonged deprivation. 

9. Psychological problem of social integration: 

The concept of social integration. The problem of caste, class, religion and language conflicts and prejudice. Nature and manifestation of prejudice between the ingroup and outgroup. Causal factors of such conflicts and prejudices. Psychological strategies for handling the conflicts and prejudices. Measures to achieve social integration. 

10. Application of Psychology in Information Technology and Mass Media: 

The present scenario of information technology and the mass media boom and the role of psychologists. Selection and training of Psychology  professionals to work in the field of IT and mass media. Distance learning through IT and mass media. Entrepreneurship through e-commerce. Multi Level marketing. Impact of TV and fostering value through IT and mass media. Psychological consequences of recent developments in Information Technology. 

11. Psychology and Economic development:  Achievement motivation and economic development. Characteristics of entrepreneurial behaviour. Motivating and Training people for entrepreneurship and economic development; Consumer rights and consumer awareness, Government policies for promotion of entrepreneurship among youth including women entrepreneurs.

12. Application of Psychology to environment and related fields: Environmental Psychology effects of noise, pollution and crowding. Population Psychology : Psychological consequence of population explosion and high population density. Motivation for small family norms. Impact of rapid scientific and technological growth on degradation of the environment.  

13. Application of psychology in other fields:  

1. Military Psychology: Devising psychological tests for defence personnel for use in selection, Training, counselling; training psychologists to work with defence personnel in promoting positive health; Human engineering in defence. 
2. Sports Psychology: Psychological interventions in improving performance of athletes and sports. Persons participating in Individual and Team Games.
3. Media influences on pro and anti‐social behaviour.
4. Psychology of Terrorism.

14. Psychology of Gender: 

Issues of discrimination, Management of diversity; Glass ceiling effect, Self-fulfilling prophecy, Women and Indian society. 

Paper 1 : 

---

Political Theory and Indian Politics:

1. Political Theory: meaning and approaches. 
2. Theories of state: Liberal, Neo-liberal, Marxist, Pluralist, post-colonial and Feminist. 
3. Justice: Conceptions of justice with special reference to Rawl’s theory of justice and its communitarian critiques. 
4. Equality: Social, political and economic; relationship between equality and freedom; Affirmative action. 
5. Rights: Meaning and theories; different kinds of rights; Concept of Human Rights. 
6. Democracy: Classical and contemporary theories; different models of democracy—representative, participatory and deliberative. 
7. Concept of power: hegemony, ideology and legitimacy. 
8. Political Ideologies: Liberalism, Socialism, Marxism, Fascism, Gandhism and Feminism. 
9. Indian Political Thought: Dharmashastra, Arthashastra and Buddhist Traditions; Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Sri Aurobindo, M. K. Gandhi, B. R. Ambedkar, M. N. Roy. 
10. Western Political Thought: Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, John S. Mill, Marx, Gramsci, Hannah Arendt. 

Indian Government and Politics

1. Indian Nationalism:
   1. Political Strategies of India’s Freedom Struggle: Constitutionalism to mass Satyagraha, Non-cooperation, Civil Disobedience; Militant and Revolutionary Movements, Peasant and Workers  Movements. 
   2. Perspectives on Indian National Movement; Liberal, Socialist and Marxist; Radical Humanist and Dalit. 
2. Making of the Indian Constitution: Legacies of British rule; different social and political perspectives. 
3. Salient Features of the Indian Constitution: The Preamble, Fundamental Rights and Duties, Directive Principles; Parliamentary System and Amendment Procedures; Judicial Review and Basic Structure doctrine. 
4. 1. Principal Organs of the Union Government: Envisaged role and actual working of the Executive, Legislature and Supreme Court. 
   2. Principal Organs of the State Government: Envisaged role and actual working of the Executive, Legislature and High Courts. 
5. Grassroots Democracy: Panchayati Raj and Municipal Government; Significance of 73rd and 74th Amendments; Grassroot movements. 
6. Statutory Institutions/Commissions: Election Commission, Comptroller and Auditor General, Finance Commission, Union Public Service Commission, National Commission for Scheduled Castes, National  Commission for Scheduled Tribes, National Commission for Women; National Human Rights Commission, National Commission for Minorities, National Backward Classes Commission. 
7. Federalism: Constitutional provisions; changing nature of centre-state relations; integrationist tendencies and regional aspirations; inter-state disputes. 
8. Planning and Economic development: Nehruvian and Gandhian perspectives; Role of planning and public sector; Green Revolution, land reforms and agrarian relations; liberalisation and economic reforms. 
9. Caste, Religion and Ethnicity in Indian Politics. 
10. Party System: National and regional political parties, ideological and social bases of parties; Patterns of coalition politics; Pressure groups, trends in electoral behaviour; changing socio-economic profile of Legislators. 
11. Social Movement: Civil liberties and human rights movements; women’s movements; environmentalist movements. 

Paper 2 : Comparative Politics and International Relations

---

Comparative Political Analysis and International Politics:

1. Comparative Politics : Nature and major approaches; Political economy and political sociology perspectives; Limitations of the comparative method. 
2. State in Comparative Perspective: Characteristics and changing nature of the State in capitalist and socialist economies, and advanced industrial and developing societies.  
3. Politics of Representation and Participation: Political parties, pressure groups and social movements in advanced industrial and developing societies. 
4. Globalisation: Responses from developed and developing societies. 
5. Approaches to the Study of International Relations: Idealist, Realist, Marxist, Functionalist and Systems theory. 
6. Key Concepts in International Relations: National interest, security and power; Balance of power and deterrence; Transnational actors and collective security; World capitalist economy and globalisation. 
7. Changing International Political Order:
   1. Rise of superpowers; Strategic and ideological Bipolarity, arms race and cold war; Nuclear threat; 
   2. Non-aligned Movement: Aims and achievements.
   3. Collapse of the Soviet Union; Unipolarity and American hegemony; Relevance of non-alignment in the contemporary world. 
8. Evolution of the International Economic System: From Brettonwoods to WTO; Socialist economies and the CMEA (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance); Third World demand for new international economic order; Globalisation of the world economy. 
9. United Nations: Envisaged role and actual record; Specialized UN agencies—aims and functioning; need for UN reforms. 
10. Regionalisation of World Politics: EU, ASEAN, APEC, AARC, NAFTA. 
11. Contemporary Global Concerns: Democracy, human rights, environment,gender justice terrorism, nuclear proliferation. 

India and the World 

1. Indian Foreign Policy: Determinants of foreign policy; the institutions of policy-making; Continuity and change. 
2. India’s Contribution to the Non-Alignment Movement Different phases; Current role. 
3. India and South Asia:
   1. Regional Cooperation: SAARC-past performance and future prospects.
   2. South Asia as a Free Trade Area. 
   3. India’s “Look East” policy. 
   4. Impediments to regional cooperation: River water disputes; illegal cross border migration; Ethnic conflicts and insurgencies; Border disputes. 
4. India and the Global South: Relations with Africa and Latin America; Leadership role in the demand for NIEO and WTO negotiations. 
5. India and the Global Centres of Power: USA,  EU,  Japan, China and Russia. 
6. India and the UN System: Role in UN Peace-keeping; Demand for Permanent Seat in the Security Council. 
7. India and the Nuclear Question: Changing perceptions and policy. 
8. Recent developments in Indian Foreign Policy: India’s position on the recent crises in Afghanistan, Iraq and West Asia, growing relations with US and Israel; Vision of a new world order.