Paper 2 : 

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1. Quantum Mechanics: 

Wave-particle duality; Schroedinger equation and expectation values; Uncertainty principle; Solutions of the one-dimensional Schroedinger equation for free particle (Gaussian wave-packet), particle in a box, particle in a finite well, linear harmonic oscillator; Reflection and transmission by a step potential and by a rectangular barrier; Particle in a three dimensional box, density of states, free electron theory of metals; Angular momentum; Hydrogen atom; Spin half particles, properties of Pauli spin matrices. 

2. Atomic and Molecular Physics:

Stern-Gerlach experiment, electron spin, fine structure of hydrogen atom;  L-S coupling, J-J coupling;  Spectroscopic notation of atomic states; Zeeman effect; Franck-Condon principle and applications; Elementary theory of rotational, vibrational and electronic spectra of diatomic molecules; Raman effect and molecular structure; Laser Raman spectroscopy; Importance of neutral hydrogen atom, molecular hydrogen and molecular hydrogen ion in astronomy. Fluorescence and Phosphorescence; Elementary theory and applications of NMR and EPR; Elementary ideas about  Lamb shift and its significance. 

3. Nuclear and Particle Physics: 

• Basic nuclear properties-size, binding energy, angular momentum, parity, magnetic moment; Semi-empirical mass formula and applications. Mass parabolas; Ground state of a deuteron, magnetic moment and non-central forces;  Meson theory of nuclear forces; Salient features of nuclear forces; Shell model of the nucleus – success and limitations; Violation of parity in beta decay; Gamma decay and internal conversion; Elementary ideas about Mossbauer spectroscopy; Q-value of nuclear reactions; Nuclear fission and fusion, energy production in stars. Nuclear reactors. 
• Classification of elementary particles and their interactions; Conservation laws; Quark structure of hadrons : Field quanta of electroweak and strong interactions; Elementary ideas about unification of forces; Physics of neutrinos. 

4. Solid State Physics, Devices and Electronics: 

• Crystalline and amorphous structure of matter; Different crystal systems, space groups; Methods of determination of crystal structure; X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopies; Band theory of solids—conductors, insulators and semiconductors; Thermal properties of solids, specific heat, Debye theory; Magnetism: dia, para and ferromagnetism; Elements of superconductivity, Meissner effect, Josephson junctions and applications; Elementary ideas about high temperature superconductivity.  
• Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors- p-n-p and n-p-n transistors; Amplifiers and oscillators. Op-amps; FET, JFET and MOSFET; Digital electronics-Boolean identities, De Morgan’s laws, Logic gates and truth tables. Simple logic circuits; Thermistors, solar cells; Fundamentals of microprocessors and digital computers. 

Paper 1 : History and Problems of Philosophy

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1. Plato and Aristotle: Ideas; Substance; Form and Matter; Causation; Actuality and Potentiality. 

2. Rationalism (Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz); Cartesian Method and Certain Knowledge; Substance; God; Mind-Body Dualism; Determinism and Freedom. 

3. Empiricism (Locke, Berkeley, Hume): Theory of Knowledge; Substance and Qualities; Self and God; Scepticism. 

4. Kant: Possibility of Synthetic a priori Judgments; Space and Time; Categories; Ideas of Reason; Antinomies; Critique of Proofs for the Existence of God. 

5. Hegel: Dialectical Method; Absolute Idealism. 

6. Moore, Russell and Early Wittgenstein: Defence of Commonsense; Refutation of Idealism; Logical Atomism; Logical Constructions; Incomplete Symbols; Picture Theory of Meaning; Sying and Showing. 

7. Logical Positivism: Verification Theory of Meaning; Rejection of Metaphysics; Linguistic Theory of Necessary Propositions. 

8. Later Wittgenstein: Meaning and Use; Language-games; Critique of Private Language. 

9. Phenomenology (Husserl): Method; Theory of Essences; Avoidance of Psychologism. 

10. Existentialism (Kierkegaard, Sarte, Heidegger): Existence and Essence; Choice, Responsibility and Authentic Existence; Being-in-the-world and Temporality. 

11. Quine and Strawson: Critique of Empiricism; Theory of Basic Particulars and Persons. 

12. Carvaka: Theory of Knowledge; Rejection of Transcendent Entities. 

13. Jainism: Theory of Reality; Saptabhanginaya; Bondage and Liberation. 

14. Schools of Buddhism : Prat Ityasamutpada; Ksanikavada, Nairatmyavada. 

15. Nyaya—Vaiesesika : Theory of Categories; Theory of Appearance; Theory of Pramana; Self, Liberation; God; Proofs for the Existence of God; Theory of Causation; Atomistic Theory of Creation. 

16. Samkhya; Prakrit; Purusa; Causation; Liberation. 

17. Yoga; Citta; Cittavrtti; Klesas; Samadhi; Kaivalya. 

18. Mimamsa: Theory of Knowledge.

19. Schools of Vedanta : Brahman; Isvara; Atman; Jiva; Jagat; Maya; Avida; Adhyasa; Moksa; Aprthaksiddhi; Pancavidhabheda. 

20. Aurobindo: Evolution, Involution; Integral Yoga. 

Paper 2 : 

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Socio‐Political Philosophy

1. Social and Political ideals: Equality, Justice, Liberty. 

2. Sovereignty: Austin, Bodin, Laski, Kautilya. 

3. Individual and State: Rights; Duties and Accountability. 

4. Forms of Government: Monarchy; Theocracy and Democracy. 

5. Political Ideologies: Anarchism; Marxism and Socialism. 

6. Humanism; Secularism; Multiculturalism. 

7. Crime and Punishment: Corruption, Mass Violence, Genocide, Capital Punishment. 

8. Development and Social Progress. 

9. Gender Discrimination: Female Foeticide, Land and Property Rights; Empowerment. 

10. Caste Discrimination: Gandhi and Ambedkar. 

Philosophy of Religion

1. Notions of God: Attributes; Relation to Man and the World. (Indian and Western). 

2. Proofs for the Existence of God and their Critique (Indian and Western). 

3. Problem of Evil. 

4. Soul: Immortality; Rebirth and Liberation. 

5. Reason, Revelation and Faith. 

6. Religious Experience: Nature and Object (Indian and Western). 

7. Religion without God. 

8. Religion and Morality. 

9. Religious Pluralism and the Problem of Absolute Truth. 

10. Nature of Religious Language: Analogical and Symbolic; Cognitivist and Non-cognitive. 

Paper 2 : 

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1. General Medicine

• Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and principles of management (including prevention) of—Typhoid, Rabies, AIDS, Dengue, Kala-azar, Japanese Encephalitis. 
• Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and principles of management of :
  • Ischaemic heart disease, pulmonary embolism. 
  • Bronchial asthma. 
  • Pleural effusion, tuberculosis, Malabsorption syndromes; acid peptic diseases, Viral hepatitis and cirrhosis of liver. 
• Glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis, renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, renovascular hypertension, complications of diabetes mellitus, coagulation disorders, leukaemia, Hypo and hyperthyroidism, meningitis and encephalitis. 

Imaging medical problems, ultrasound, echo- cardiogram, CT scan, MRI. 

Anxiety and Depressive Psychosis and schizophrenia and ECT. 

2. Paediatrics

Immunisation, Baby friendly hospital,  congenital cyanotic heart disease, respiratory distress syndrome,  broncho— pneumonias, kernicterus. IMNCI classification and management, PEM grading and management. ARI and Diarrhoea of under five and their management. 

3. Dermatology

Psoriasis, Allergic dermatitis, scabies, eczema, vitiligo, Stevan Johnson’s syndrome, Lichen Planus.

4. General Surgery

• Clinical features, causes, diagnosis and principles of management of cleft palate, harelip.
• Laryngeal tumour, oral and esophageal tumours.
• Peripheral arterial diseases, varicose veins, coarctation of aorta. 
• Tumours of Thyroid, Adrenal, Glands. 
• Abscess cancer, fibroadenoma and adenosis of breast.  
• Bleeding peptic ulcer, tuberculosis of bowel, ulcerative colitis, cancer of the stomach. 
• Renal mass, cancer prostate.  
• Haemothorax, stones of Gallbladder, Kidney, Ureter and Urinary Bladder. 
• Management of surgical conditions of Rectum, Anus and Anal canal, Gallbladder and Bile ducts. 
• Splenomegaly, cholecystitis, portal hypertension, liver abscess, peritonitis, carcinoma head of pancreas.
• Fractures of spine, Colles’ fracture and bone tumours.
• Endoscopy. 
• Laparoscopic Surgery. 

5. Obstetrics and Gynaecology including Family Planning

• Diagnosis of pregnancy. Labour management, complications of 3rd stage, Antepartum and postpartum haemorrhage, resuscitation of the newborn, Management of abnormal life and difficult labour. Management of small for date or premature newborn. 
• Diagnosis and management of anaemia. Preeclampsia and Toxaemias of pregnancy, Management of Post- menopausal Syndrome. 
• Intrauterine devices, pills, tubectomy and vasectomy. Medical termination of pregnancy including legal aspects. 
• Cancer cervix.
• Leucorrhoea, pelvic pain; infertility, dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB), amenorrhoea, Fibroid and prolapse of uterus. 

6. Community Medicine(Preventive and Social Medicine): 

• Principles, methods, approach and measurements of Epidemiology. 
• Nutrition, nutritional diseases/disorders and Nutrition Programmes.  
• Health information Collection, Analysis and Presentation. 
• Objectives, components and critical analysis of National programmes for control/eradication of: Malaria, Kala-azar, Filaria and Tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, STDs and Dengue. 
• Critical appraisal of Health care delivery system. 
• Health management and administration; Techniques, Tools, Programme Implementation and Evaluation.  
• Objectives, Components, Goals and  Status of Reproductive and Child Health, National Rural Health Mission and Millennium Development Goals. 
• Management of hospital and industrial waste. 

Paper 1 : 

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1. Mechanics:

1.1 Mechanics of Rigid Bodies:

Equations of equilibrium in space and its application; first and second moments of area; simple problems on friction; kinematics of particles for plane motion; elementary particle dynamics. 

1.2 Mechanics of Deformable Bodies:

Generalised Hooke’s law and its application; design problems on axial stress, shear stress and bearing stress; material properties for dynamic loading; bending shear and stresses in beams; determination of principle stresses and strains-analytical and graphical; compound and combined stresses; bi-axial stresses-thin walled pressure vessel; material behaviour and design factors for dynamic load; design of circular shafts for bending and torsional load only; deflection of beam for statically determinate problems; theories of failure. 

2. Engineering Materials:

Basic concepts on structure of solids, common ferrous and non-ferrous materials and their applications; heat-treatment of steels; non-metals plastics, ceramics, composite materials and nano-materials. 

3.Theory of Machines: 

Kinematic and dynamic analysis of plane mechanisms. Cams, Gears and empicyclic gear trains, flywheels, governors, balancing of rigid rotors, balancing of single and multicy- linder engines, linear vibration analysis of mechanical systems (single degree of freedom), Critical speeds and whirling of shafts. 

4. Manufacturing Science:

4.1 Manufacturing Process: 

• Machine tool engineering – Merchant’s force analysis: Taylor’s tool life equation; conventional machining; NC and CNC machining process; jigs and fixtures. 
• Non-conventional machining-EDM, ECM, ultrasonic, water jet machining etc.; application of lasers and plasmas; energy rate calculations. 
• Forming and welding processes-standard processes. 
• Metrology-concept of fits and tolerances; tools and gauges; comparators; inspection of length; position; profile and surface finish. 

4.2 Manufacturing Management: 

• System design: factory location—simple OR models; plant layout-methods based; applications of engineering economic analysis and break-even analysis for product selection, process selection and  capacity planning; predetermined time standards. 
• System planning; forecasting methods based on regression and decomposition; design and balancing of multi model and stochastic assembly lines; inventory management-probabilistic inventory models  for order time and order quantity determination; JIT systems; strategic sourcing; managing inter plant logistics. 
• System operations and control: Scheduling algorithms for job shops; applications of statistical methods for product and process quality control applications of control charts for mean, range, percent defective, number of defectives and defects per unit; quality cost systems; management of resources, organisations and risks in projects. 
• System improvement: Implementation of systems, such as total quality management, developing and managing flexible, lean and agile Organisations.

Paper 2 : 

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1. Thermodynamics, Gas Dynamics Turbine: 

1.1 Basic concept of First-law and Second law of Thermodynamics; concept of entropy and reversibility; availability and unavailability and irreversibility. 

1.2 Classification and properties of fluids; incompressible and compressible fluids flows; effect of Mach number and compressibility; continuity momentum and energy equations; normal and oblique shocks; one dimensional isentropic flow; flow or fluids in duct with frictions that transfer. 

1.3 Flow through fans, blowers and compressors; axial and centrifugal flow configuration; design of fans and compressors; single problems compresses and turbine cascade; open and closed cycle gas turbines; work done in the gas turbine; reheat and regenerators. 

2. Heat Transfer: 

2.1 Conduction heat transfer—general conduction equation-Laplace, Poisson and Fourier equations; Fourier law of conduction; one dimensional steady state heat conduction applied to simple wall, solid and hollow cylinder and spheres. 

2.2 Convection heat transfer—Newton’s law of convection; free and forced convection; heat transfer during laminar and turbulent flow of an incompressible fluid over a flat plate; concepts of Nusselt number, hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layer their thickness; Prandtl number; analogy between heat and momentum transfer—Reynolds, Colbum, Prandtl analogies; heat transfer during laminar and turbulent flow through horizontal tubes; free convection from horizontal and vertical plates. 

2.3 Black body radiation—basic radiation laws such as Stefan-boltzman, Planck distribution, Wein’s displacement etc. 

2.4 Basic heat exchanger analysis; classification of heat exchangers. 

3. Engines:

3.1 Classification, thermodynamic cycles of operation; determination of brake power, indicated power, mechanical efficiency, heat balance sheet, interpretation of performance characteristics, petrol, gas and diesel engines. 

3.2 Combustion in SI and CI engines, normal and abnormal combustion; effect of working parameters on knocking, reduction of knocking; Forms of combustion chamber for SI and CI engines; rating of fuels; additives; emission. 

3.3 Different systems of IC engines-fuels; lubricating; cooling and transmission systems. 

Alternate fuels in IC engines. 

4. Steam Engineering:

4.1 Steam generation—modified Rankine cycle analysis; Modern steam boilers; steam at critical and supercritical pressures; draught equipment; natural and artificial draught;  boiler fuels solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. Steam turbines—Principle; types; compounding; impulse and reaction turbines; axial thrust. 

4.2 Steam nozzles—flow of steam in convergent and divergent nozzle pressure at throat for maximum discharge with different initial steam conditions such as wet, saturated and superheated, effect of variation of back pressure; supersaturated flow of steam in nozzles, Wilson line. 

4.3 Rankine cycle with internal and external irreversibility; reheat factor; reheating and regeneration, methods of governing; back pressure and pass out turbines. 

4.4 Steam power plants—combined cycle power generation; heat recovery steam generators (HRSG) fired and unfired, co-generation plants. 

5. Refrigeration and Air‐conditioning:

5.1 Vapour compression refrigeration cycle—cycle on p-H & T-s diagrams; eco friendly refrigerants—R 134a. 123; Systems like evaporators, condensers, compressor, expansion devices. Simple vapour absorption systems. 

5.2 Psychrometry—properties; processes; charts; sensible heating and cooling; humidification and dehumidification effective temperature; air-conditioning load calculation; simple duct design.

Paper 1 : 

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(1) Linear Algebra: 

• Vector spaces over R and C, linear dependence and independence, subspaces, bases, dimensions, Linear transformations, rank and nullity, matrix of a linear transformation. 
• Algebra of Matrices; Row and column reduction, Echelon form, congruence’s and similarity; Rankof a matrix; Inverse of a matrix; Solution of system of linear equations; Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, characteristic polynomial, Cayley-Hamilton theorem, Symmetric, skew-symmetric, Hermitian, skew-Hermitian, orthogonal and unitary matrices and their eigenvalues.  

(2) Calculus: 

• Real numbers, functions of a real variable, limits, continuity, differentiability, mean-value theorem, Taylor’s theorem with remainders, indeterminate forms, maxima and minima, asymptotes; Curve tracing; Functions of two or three variables; Limits, continuity, partial derivatives, maxima and minima, Lagrange’s method of multipliers, Jacobian. 
• Riemann’s definition of definite integrals; Indefinite integrals; Infinite and improper integral; Double and triple integrals(evaluation techniques only); Areas, surface and volumes. 

(3) Analytic Geometry:

Cartesian and polar coordinates in three dimensions, second degree equations in three variables, reduction to Canonical forms; straight lines, shortest distance between two skew lines, Plane, sphere, cone, cylinder, paraboloid, ellipsoid, hyperboloid of one and two sheets and their  properties. 

(4) Ordinary Differential Equations: 

• Formulation of differential equations; Equations of first order and first degree, integrating factor; Orthogonal trajectory; Equations of first order but not of first degree, Clairaut’s equation, singular solution. 
• Second and higher order linear equations with constant coefficients, complementary function, particular integral and general solution.
• Section order linear equations with variable coefficients, Euler-Cauchy equation; Determination of complete solution when one solution is known using method of variation of parameters.
• Laplace and Inverse Laplace transforms and their properties, Laplace transforms of elementary functions. Application to initial value problems for 2nd order linear equations with constant coefficients. 

(5) Dynamics and Statics:

• Rectilinear motion, simple harmonic motion, motion in a plane, projectiles; Constrained motion; Work and energy, conservation of energy; Kepler’s laws, orbits under central forces.

Equilibrium of a system of particles; Work and potential energy,  friction, Common catenary; Principle of virtual work; Stability of equilibrium, equilibrium of  forces in three dimensions. 

(6) Vector Analysis: 

• Scalar and vector fields, differentiation of vector field of a scalar variable; Gradient, divergence and curl in cartesian and cylindrical coordinates; Higher order derivatives; Vector identities and vector equation. 
• Application to geometry: Curves  in space, curvature and torsion; Serret-Furenet’s formulae. 
• Gauss and Stokes’ theorems, Green’s identities. 

Paper 2 : 

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(1) Algebra: 

• Groups, subgroups, cyclic groups, cosets, Lagrange’s Theorem, normal subgroups, quotient groups, homomorphism of groups, basic isomorphism theorems, permutation groups, Cayley’s theorem.
• Rings, subrings and ideals, homomorphisms of rings; Integral domains, principal ideal domains, Euclidean domains and unique factorization domains; Fields, quotient fields. 

(2) Real Analysis:

• Real number system as an ordered field with least upper bound property; Sequences, limit of a sequence, Cauchy sequence, completeness of real line; Series and its convergence, absolute and conditional convergence of series of real and complex terms, rearrangement of series. Continuity and uniform continuity of functions, properties of continuous functions on compact sets. 
• Riemann integral, improper integrals; Fundamental theorems of integral calculus. 
• Uniform convergence, continuity, differentiability and integrability for sequences and series of functions; Partial derivatives of functions of several (two or three) variables, maxima and minima. 

(3) Complex Analysis: 

Analytic function, Cauchy-Riemann equations, Cauchy’s theorem, Cauchy’s integral formula, power series, representation of an analytic function, Taylor’s series; Singularities; Laurent’s series; Cauchy’s residue theorem; Contour integration. 

(4) Linear Programming: 

• Linear programming problems, basic solution, basic feasible solution and optimal solution; Graphical method and simplex method of solutions; Duality. 
• Transportation and assignment problems.

(5) Partial Differential Equations: 

Family of surfaces in three dimensions and formulation of partial differential equations; Solution of quasilinear partial differential equations of the first order, Cauchy’s method of characteristics; Linear partial differential equations of the second order with constant coefficients, canonical form; Equation of a vibrating string, heat equation, Laplace  equation and their solutions. 

(6) Numerical Analysis and Computer Programming: 

• Numerical methods: Solution of algebraic and transcendental  equations of one variable by bisection, Regula-Falsi and Newton-Raphson methods, solution of system of linear equations by Gaussian Elimination and Gauss-Jordan (direct), Gauss-Seidel (iterative) methods. Newton’s (forward and backward) and interpolation, Lagrange’s interpolation. 
• Numerical integration: Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s rule, Gaussian quadrature formula. 
• Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations: Euler and Runga Kutta methods. 
• Computer Programming: Binary system; Arithmetic and logical operations on numbers; Octal and Hexadecimal Systems; Conversion to and from decimal Systems; Algebra of binary numbers. 
• Elements of computer systems and concept of memory; Basic logic gates and truth tables, Boolean algebra, normal forms.

Representation of unsigned integers, signed integers and reals, double precision  reals and long integers. 

Algorithms and flow charts for solving numerical analysis problems. 

(7) Mechanics and Fluid Dynamics: 

• Generalised coordinates; D’Alembert’s principle and Lagrange’s equations; Hamilton equations; Moment of inertia; Motion of rigid bodies in two dimensions. 
• Equation of continuity; Euler’s equation of motion for inviscid flow; Stream-lines, path of a particle; Potential flow; Two-dimensional and axisymmetric motion; Sources and sinks, vortex motion; Navier-Stokes equation for a viscous fluid. 

Paper 1 : 

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1. Managerial Function and Process:  

Concept and foundations of management, Evolution of Management Thoughts; Managerial Functions—Planning, Organizing, Controlling; Decision-making; Role of Manager, Managerial skills; 

Entrepreneurship; Management of innovation; Managing in a global environment; Flexible Systems Management; Social responsibility and managerial ethics; Process and customer orientation; Managerial processes on direct and indirect value chain. 

2. Organisational Behaviour and Design:

Conceptual model of organisation behaviour; The individual processes—personality, values and attitude, perception, motivation, learning and reinforcement, work stress and stress management; The dynamics of Organization behaviour—power and politics, conflict and negotiation, leadership process and styles, communication; The Organisational Processes—decision-making, job design; Classical, Neoclassical and Contingency approaches to organisational design; Organisational theory and design—Organisational culture, managing cultural diversity, learning Organization; Organisational change and development; Knowledge Based Enterprise—systems and processes; Networked and virtual organisations. 

3. Human Resource Management:

HR challenges; HRM functions; The future challenges of HRM; Strategic Management of human resources; Human resource planning;  Job analysis; Job evaluation, Recruitment and selection; Training and development; Promotion and transfer; Performance management; Compensation management and benefits; Employee morale and productivity; Management of Organisational climate and Industrial relations; Human resources accounting and audit; Human resource information system; International human resource management. 

4. Accounting for Managers:

Financial accounting—concept, importance and scope, generally accepted accounting principles, preparation of financial statements with special reference to analysis of a balance sheet and measurement of business income, inventory valuation and depreciation, financial statement analysis, fund flow analysis, the statement of cash flows; Management accounting concept, need, importance and scope; Cost accounting—records and processes, cost ledger and control accounts, reconciliation and integration between financial and cost accounts; Overhead cost and control, Job and process costing, Budget and budgetary control, Performance budgeting, Zero-base budgeting, relevant costing and costing for decision-making, standard costing and variance analysis, marginal costing and absorption costing. 

5. Financial Management: 

Goal of Finance Function.  Concepts of value and return. Valuation of bonds and Shares;  Management of working capital : Estimation and Financing;  Management of cash, receivables, inventory  and current liabilities; Cost of capital ; Capital budgeting; Financial and operating leverage; Design of capital structure: theories and practices; Shareholder value creation: dividend policy, corporate financial policy and strategy, management of corporate distress and restructuring strategy; Capital and money markets: institutions and instruments; Leasing hire purchase and venture capital; Regulation of capital market; Risk and return: portfolio theory; CAPM; APT; Financial derivatives: option, futures, swap; Recent reforms in financial sector. 

6. Marketing Management:  

Concept, evolution and scope; Marketing strategy formulation and components of marketing plan; Segmenting and targeting the market;   Positioning and differentiating the market offering; Analysing competition; Analysing consumer markets; Industrial buyer behaviour; Market research; Product strategy; Pricing strategies; Designing and managing Marketing channels; Integrated marketing communications; Building customer satisfaction, Value and retention; Services and non-profit marketing; Ethics in marketing; Consumer protection; Internet marketing; Retail management; Customer relationship management; Concept of holistic marketing. 

Paper 2 : 

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1. Quantitative Techniques in Decision‐making:

Descriptive statistics—tabular, graphical and numerical methods, introduction to probability, discrete and continuous probability distributions, inferential statistics-sampling distributions, central limit theorem, hypothesis testing for differences between means and proportions, inference about population variances, Chisquare and ANOVA, simple correlation and regression, time series and forecasting, decision theory, index numbers; Linear programming—problem formulation, simplex method and graphical solution, sensitivity analysis. 

2. Production and Operations Management: 

Fundamentals of operations management; Organizing for production; Aggregate production planning, capacity planning, plant design: process planning, plant size and scale of operations, Management of facilities; Line balancing;  Equipment replacement and maintenance; Production control; Supply, chain management—vendor evaluation and audit; Quality management; Statistical process control, Six Sigma; Flexibility and agility in manufacturing systems; World class  manufacturing; Project management concepts, R&D management, Management of service operations; Role and importance of materials management, value analysis, make or buy decision; Inventory control, MRP; Waste management. 

3. Management Information System: 

Conceptual foundations of information systems; Information theory; Information resource  management; Types of information Systems;  Systems Development—Overview of Systems and Design;  System Development management life-cycle, Designing  online and distributed environments;  Implementation and control of project;  Trends in information technology;   Managing data resources—Organising data.  DSS and RDBMS; Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Expert systems, e-Business architecture, e-Governance; Information systems planning, Flexibility in information systems; User involvement; Evaluation of information systems. 

4. Government Business Interface:

State participation in business, Interaction between Government, Business and different Chambers of Commerce and Industry in India; Government’s ploicy with regard to Small Scale Industries; Government clearances for establishing a new enterprise; Public Distribution System; Government control over price and distribution; Consumer Protection Act (CPA) and The Role of Voluntary Organizations in protecting consumers’ rights; New Industrial Policy of the Government : liberalisation, deregulation and privatisation; Indian planning system; Government policy concerning development of Backward areas/regions; The Responsibilities of the business as well as the Government to protect the environment; Corporate Governance; Cyber Laws. 

5. Strategic Cost Management: 

Business policy as a field of study; Nature and scope of strategic management, Strategic intent, vision, objectives and policies; Process of strategic planning and implementa-tion; Environmental analysis and internal analysis; SWOT analysis; Tools and techniques for strategic analysis—Impact matrix: The experience curve, BCG matrix, GEC mode, Industry analysis, Concept of value chain; Strategic profile of a firm; Framework for analysing competition; Competitive advantage of a firm; Generic competitive strategies; Growth strategies—expansion, integration and diversification; Concept of core competence, Strategic flexibility; Reinventing strategy; Strategy and structure; chief Executive and Board; turnaround management; Management of strategic change; Strategic alliances, Mergers and Acquisitions; Strategy and corporate evolution in the Indian context. 

6. International Business:

International Business Environment : Changing composition of trade in goods and services; India’s Foreign Trade: Policy and trends; Financing of International trade; Regional Economic Cooperation; FTAs; Internationalisation of service firms; International production; Operation Management in International companies; International Taxation; Global competitiveness and technological developments; Global E-Business; Designing global organisational structure and control; Multicultural management; Global business strategy; Global marketing strategies; Export Management; Export-Import procedures; Joint Ventures; Foreign Investment: Foreign direct investment and foreign portfolio investment; Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions; Foreign Exchange Risk Exposure Management; World Financial Markets and International Banking; External Debt Management; Country Risk Analysis.

Paper 1 : 

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Constitutional and administrative Law: 

1. Constitution and Constitutionalism:The distinctive features of the Constitution. 

2. Fundamental Rights—Public interest litigation; Legal Aid; Legal services authority. 

3. Relationship between Fundamental rights, Directive principles and Fundamental duties. 

4. Constitutional  Position of the President and relation with the Council of Ministers. 

5. Governor and his powers. 

6. Supreme Court and the High Courts: 

1. Appointments and transfers. 
2. Powers, functions and jurisdiction. 

7. Centre, States and local bodies: 

1. Distribution of legislative powers between the Union and the States. 
2. Local Bodies. 
3. Administrative relationship among Union, State and Local Bodies. 
4. Eminent domain-State property-common property-community property. 

8. Legislative powers, privileges and immunities. 

9. Services under the Union and the States: 

1. Recruitment and conditions of services;Constitutional safeguards; Administrative tribunals. 
2. Union Public Service Commission and StatePublic Service Commissions—Power and functions. 
3. Election Commission—Power and functions. 

10. Emergency provisions. 

11. Amendment of the Constitution. 

12. Principle of Natural Justice—Emerging trends and judicial approach. 

13. Delegated legislation and its constitutionality.  

14. Separation of powers and constitutional governance. 

15. Judicial review of administrative action. 

16. Ombudsman: Lokayukta, Lokpal etc. 

International Law:

1. Nature and Definition of International Law. 

2. Relationship between International Law and Municipal Law. 

3. State Recognition and State Succession. 

4. Law of the sea: Inland Waters,Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone, Continental Shelf, Exclusive  Economic Zone and High Seas. 

5. Individuals: Nationality,  statelessness; Human Rights and procedures available for their enforcement. 

6. Territorial jurisdiction of States, Extradition and Asylum. 

7. Treaties: Formation, application, termination and reservation. 

8. United Nations: Its principal organs, powers and functions and reform. 

9. Peaceful settlement of disputes—different modes. 

10. Lawful recourse to force : aggressions, self-defence, intervention. 

11. Fundamental principles of international humanitarian law—International conventions and contemporary developments. 

12. Legality of the use of nuclear weapons; ban on testing of nuclear weapons; Nuclear non- proliferation treaty, CTST. 

13. International Terrorism, State sponsored terrorism, Hijacking,  International Criminal Court. 

14. New International Economic Order and Monetary Law : WTO, TRIPS, GATT, IMF, World Bank. 

15. Protection and Improvement of the Human Environment : International Efforts. 

Paper 2 : 

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Law of Crimes:—

1. General principles of Criminal liability: mens rea and actus reus, mens rea in statutory offences. 

2. Kinds of punishment and emerging trends as to abolition of capital punishment. 

3. Preparations and criminal attempt. 

4. General exceptions. 

5. Joint and constructive liability. 

6. Abetment. 

7. Criminal conspiracy. 

8. Offences against the State. 

9. Offences against public tranquillity. 

10. Offences against the human body. 

11. Offences against property. 

12. Offences against women. 

13. Defamation. 

14. Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. 

15. Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 and subsequent legislative developments. 

16. Plea bargaining. 

Law of Torts

1. Nature and definition. 

2. Liability based upon fault and strict liability; Absolute liability. 

3. Vicarious liability including State Liability. 

4. General defences. 

5. Joint tort fessors. 

6. Remedies. 

7. Negligence. 

8. Defamation. 

9. Nuisance. 

10. Conspiracy. 

11. False imprisonment. 

12. Malicious prosecution. 

13. Consumer Protection Act, 1986. 

Law of Contracts and Mercantile Law

1. Nature and formation of contract/E-contract. 

2. Factors vitiating free consent. 

3. Void, voidable, illegal and unenforceable agreements. 

4. Performance and discharge of contracts. 

5. Quasi-contracts. 

6. Consequences of breach of contract. 

7. Contract of indemnity, guarantee and insurance. 

8. Contract of agency. 

9. Sale of goods and hire purchase. 

10. Formation and dissolution of partnership. 

11. Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881. 

12. Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. 

13. Standard form contracts. 

Contemporary Legal Developments

1. Public Interest Litigation. 

2. Intellectual property rights—Concept, types/prospects. 

3. Information Technology Law including Cyber Laws—Concept, purpose/prospects. 

4. Competition Law—Concept, purpose/prospects. 

5. Alternate Dispute Resolution—Concept, types/prospects. 

6. Major statutes concerning environmental law. 

7. Right to Information Act. 

8. Trial by media. 

Paper 1 : 

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1. Sources  

• Archaeological sources :  
• Exploration, excavation, epigraphy, numismatics, monuments. 
• Literary sources: 
• Indigenous: Primary and secondary; poetry, scientific literature, literature, literature in regional languages, religious literature. 
• Foreign account: Greek, Chinese and Arab writers.  

2. Pre‐history and Proto‐history: 

Geographical factors; hunting and gathering (paleolithic and mesolithic); Beginning of agriculture (neolithic and chalcolithic). 

3. Indus Valley Civilization: 

Origin, date, extent, characteristics-decline, survival and significance, art and architecture. 

4. Megalithic Cultures:

Distribution of pastoral and farming cultures outside the Indus, Development of community life, Settlements, Development of agriculture, Crafts, Pottery, and Iron industry. 

5. Aryans and Vedic Period:

• Expansions of Aryans in India: 
• Vedic Period: Religious and philosophic literature; Transformation from Rig Vedic period to the later Vedic period; Political, social and economical life; Significance of the Vedic Age; Evolution of Monarchy and Varna system. 

6. Period of Mahajanapadas:

Formation of States (Mahajanapada): Republics and monarchies; Rise of urban centres; Trade routes; Economic growth; Introduction of coinage; Spread of Jainism and Buddhism; Rise of Magadha and Nandas. 

Iranian and Macedonian invasions and their impact.  

7. Mauryan Empire:

• Foundation of the Mauryan Empire, Chandragupta, Kautilya and Arthashastra; Ashoka; Concept of Dharma; Edicts; Polity, Administration, Economy; Art, architecture and sculpture; External contacts; Religion; Spread of religion; Literature.
• Disintegration of the empire; sungas and Kanvas.

8. Post‐Mauryan Period (Indo‐Greeks, Sakas, Kushanas, Western Kshatrapas): 

Contact with outside world; growth of urban centres, economy, coinage, development of religions, Mahayana, social conditions, art, architecture, culture, literature and science. 

9. Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South India:

Kharavela, The Satavahanas, Tamil States of the Sangam Age; Administration, Economy, land grants, coinage, trade guilds and urban centres; Buddhist centres; Sangam literature and culture; Art and architecture. 

10. Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas:

Polity and administration, Economic conditions, Coinage of the Guptas, Land grants, Decline of urban centres, Indian feudalism, Caste system, Position of women, Education and educational institutions; Nalanda, Vikramshila and Vallabhi, Literature, scientific literature, art and architecture. 

11. Regional States during Gupta Era:

The Kadambas, Pallavas, Chalukyas of Badami; Polity and Administration, Trade guilds, Literature; growth of Vaishnava and Saiva religions. Tamil Bhakit movement, Shankaracharya; Vedanta; Institutions of temple and temple architecture; Palas, Senas, Rashtrakutas, Paramaras, Polity and administration; Cultural aspects. Arab conquest of Sind; Alberuni, The Chaluky as of Kalyana, Cholas, Hoysalas, Pandyas; Polity and Administration; Local Government; Growth of art and architecture, religious sects, Institution of temple and Mathas, Agraharas, education and literature, economy and society. 

12. Themes in Early Indian Cultural History: 

Languages and texts, major stages in the evolution of art and architecture, major philosophical thinkers and schools, ideas in Science and Mathematics.

13. Early Medieval India, 750‐1200:

— Polity: Major political developments in Northern India and the peninsula, origin and the rise of Rajputs. 

— The Cholas: administration, village economy and society “Indian Feudalism”. 

— Agrarian economy and urban settlements. 

— Trade and commerce. 

— Society: the status of the Brahman and the new social order. 

— Condition of women. 

— Indian science and technology. 

14. Cultural Traditions in India, 750‐1200: 

— Philosophy: Skankaracharya and Vedanta, Ramanuja and Vishishtadvaita, Madhva and Brahma-Mimansa. 

— Religion: Forms and features of religion, Tamil devotional cult, growth of Bhakti, Islam and its arrival in India, Sufism. 

— Literature: Literature in Sanskrit, growth of Tamil literature, literature in the newly developing languages, Kalhan’s Rajtarangini, Alberuni’s India. 

— Art and Architecture: Temple architecture, sculpture, painting. 

15. The Thirteenth Century: 

— Establishment of the Delhi Sultanate: The Ghorian invasions – factors behind Ghurian success. 

— Economic, Social and cultural consequences. 

— Foundation of Delhi Sultanate and early Turkish Sultans. 

— Consolidation: The rule of Iltutmish and Balban. 

16. The Fourteenth Century: 

— “The Khalji Revolution”. 

— Alauddin Khilji: Conquests and territorial expansion, agrarian and economic measure. 

— Muhammad Tughluq: Major projects, agrarian measures, bureaucracy of Muhammad Tughluq.  

— Firuz Tugluq: Agrarian measures, achievements in civil engineering and public works, decline of the Sultanate, foreign contacts and Ibn Battuta’s account. 

17. Society, Culture and Economy in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries: 

— Society: composition of rural society, ruling classes, town dwellers, women, religious classes, caste and slavery under the Sultanate, Bhakti movement, Sufi movement. 

— Culture: Persian literature, literature in the regional languages of North India, literaute in the languages of South India, Sultanate architecture and new structural forms, painting, evolution of a composite culture. 

— Economy: Agricultural Production, rise of urban economy and non-agricultural production, trade and commerce. 

18. The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Century‐Political Developments and Economy: 

— Rise of Provincial Dynasties : Bengal, Kashmir (Zainul Abedin), Gujarat. 

— Malwa, Bahmanids.  

— The Vijayanagara Empire. 

— Lodis.  

— Mughal Empire, first phase : Babur, Humayun.  

— The  Sur Empire : Sher Shah’s administration.  

— Portuguese colonial enterprise, Bhakti and Sufi Movements. 

19. The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Century‐Society and culture: 

— Regional cultures specificities. 

— Literary traditions. 

— Provincial architectural. 

— Society, culture, literature and the  arts in Vijayanagara Empire. 

20. Akbar:

— Conquests and consolidation of empire.  

— Establishment of jagir and mansab systems.  

— Rajput policy.  

— Evolution of religious and social outlook. Theory of Sulh‐i‐kul and religious policy.  

— Court patronage of art and technology. 

21. Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century: 

— Major administrative policies of Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb.  

— The Empire and the Zamindars.  

— Religious policies of Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb. 

— Nature of the Mughal State.  

— Late Seventeenth Century crisis and the revolts. 

— The Ahom kingdom. 

— Shivaji and the early Maratha Kingdom. 

22. Economy and society, in the 16th and 17th Centuries: 

— Population Agricultural and craft production.  

— Towns, commerce with Europe through Dutch, English and French companies: a  trade revolution.  

— Indian mercantile classes. Banking, insurance and credit systems.  

— Conditions of peasants, Condition of Women. 

— Evolution of the Sikh community and the Khalsa Panth. 

23. Culture during Mughal Empire: 

— Persian histories and other literature. 

— Hindi and religious literatures.  

— Mughal architecture.  

— Mughal painting.  

— Provincial architecture and painting.  

— Classical music.  

— Science and technology.   

24. The Eighteenth Century:

— Factors for the decline of the Mughal Empire.  

— The regional principalities: Nizam’s Deccan, Bengal, Awadh. 

— Maratha ascendancy under the Peshwas.  

— The Maratha fiscal and financial system.  

— Emergence of Afghan power Battle of  Panipat, 1761.  

— State of, political, cultural and economic, on eve of the British conquest. 

Paper 2 : 

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1. European Penetration into India: 

The Early European Settlements; The Portuguese and the Dutch; The English and the French East India Companies; Their struggle for supremacy; Carnatic Wars; Bengal-The conflict between the English and the Nawabs of Bengal; Siraj and the English; The Battle of Plassey; Significance of Plassey. 

2. British Expansion in India: 

Bengal-Mir Jafar and Mir Kasim; The Battle of Buxar; Mysore; The Marathas; The three Anglo-Maratha Wars; The Punjab. 

3. Early Structure of the British Raj: 

The Early administrative structure; From diarchy to direct contol; The Regulating Act (1773); The Pitt’s India Act (1784); The Charter Act (1833); The Voice of free trade and the changing character of British colonial rule; The English utilitarian and India. 

4. Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule: 

1. Land revenue settlements in British India; The Permanent Settlement; Ryotwari Settlement; Mahalwari Settlement; Economic impact of the revenue arrangements; Commercialization of agriculture; Rise of landless agrarian labourers; Impoverishment of the rural society. 
2. Dislocation of traditional trade and commerce; De-industrialisation; Decline of traditional crafts; Drain of wealth; Economic transformation of India; Railroad and communication network including telegraph and postal services; Famine and poverty in the rural interior; European business enterprise and its limitations. 

5. Social and Cultural Developments: 

The state of  indigenous education, its dislocation; Orientalist-Anglicist controversy, The introduction of western education in India; The rise of press, literature and public opinion; The rise of modern vernacular literature; Progress of Science; Christian missionary activities in India. 

6. Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal and Other Areas:

Ram Mohan Roy, The Brahmo Movement; Devendranath Tagore; Iswarchandra Vidyasagar; The Young Bengal Movement; Dayanada Saraswati; The social reform movements in India including Sati, widow remarriage, child marriage etc.; The contribution of Indian renaissance to the growth of modern India; Islamic revivalism-the Feraizi and Wahabi Movements. 

7. Indian Response to British Rule: 

Peasant movement and tribal uprisings in the 18th and 19th centuries including the Rangpur Dhing (1783), the Kol Rebellion (1832), the Mopla Rebellion in Malabar (1841-1920), the Santal Hul (1855), Indigo Rebellion (1859-60), Deccan Uprising (1875) and the Munda Ulgulan (1899-1900); The Great Revolt of 1857—Origin, character, casuses of failure, the consequences; The shift in the character of peasant uprisings in the post-1857 period; the peasant movements of the 1920s and 1930s. 

8. Factors leading to the birth of Indian Nationalism; Politics of Association; The Foundation of the Indian National Congress; The Safety-valve thesis relating to the birth of the Congress; Programme and objectives of Early Congress; the social composition of early Congress leadership; the Moderates and Extremists; The Partition of Bengal (1905); The Swadeshi Movement in Bengal; the economic and political aspects of Swadeshi Movement; The beginning of revolutionary extremism in India. 

9. Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhi’s popular appeal; Rowlatt Satyagraha; the Khilafat Movement; the Non-cooperation Movement; National politics from the end of the Non-cooperation movement to the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement; the two phases of the Civil Disobedience Movement; Simon Commission; The Nehru Report; the Round Table Conferences; Nationalism and the Peasant Movements; Nationalism and Working class movements; Women and Indian youth and students in Indian politics (1885-1947);  the election of 1937 and the formation of ministries; Cripps Mission; the Quit India Movement; the Wavell Plan; The Cabinet Mission. 

10. Constitutional Developments in the Colonial India between 1858 and 1935. 

11. Other strands in the National Movement. 

• The Revolutionaries: Bengal, the Punjab, Maharashtra, U.P. the Madras Presidency, Outside India. 
• The Left; The Left within the Congress: Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose, the Congress Socialist Party; the Communist Party of India, other left parties. 

12. Politics of Separatism; the Muslim League; the Hindu Mahasabha; Communalism and the politics of partition; Transfer of power; Independence. 

13. Consolidation as a Nation; Nehru’s Foreign Policy; India and her neighbours (1947-1964); The linguistic reorganisation of States (1935-1947); Regionalism and regional inequality; Integration of Princely States; Princes in electoral politics; the Question of National Language. 

14. Caste and Ethnicity after 1947; Backward Castes and Tribes in post-colonial electoral politics; Dalit movements. 

15. Economic development and political change; Land reforms; the politics of planning and rural reconstruction; Ecology and environmental policy in post-colonial India; Progress of Science. 

16. Enlightenment and Modern ideas: 

(i) Major Ideas of Enlightenment : Kant, Rousseau. 

(ii) Spread of Enlightenment in the colonies. 

(iii) Rise of socialist ideas (up to Marx); spread of Marxian Socialism. 

17. Origins of Modern Politics: 

(i) European States System. 

(ii) American Revolution and the Constitution. 

(iii) French Revolution and Aftermath, 1789-1815. 

(iv) American Civil War with reference to Abraham Lincoln and the abolition of slavery. 

(v) British Democratic politics, 1815-1850 : Parliamentary Reformers, Free Traders, Chartists. 

18. Industrialization:

(i) English Industrial Revolution: Causes and Impact on Society. 

(ii) Industrialization in other countries: USA, Germany, Russia, Japan. 

(iii) Industrialization and Globalization. 

19. Nation‐State System: 

(i) Rise of Nationalism in the 19th century. 

(ii) Nationalism : State-building in Germany and Italy. 

(iii) Disintegration of Empires in the face of the emergence of nationalities across the World. 

20. Imperialism and Colonialism: 

(i) South and South-East Asia. 

(ii) Latin America and South Africa. 

(iii) Australia. 

(iv) Imperialism and free trade: Rise of neo-imperialism. 

21. Revolution and Counter‐Revolution: 

(i) 19th Century European revolutions. 

(ii) The Russian Revolution of 1917-1921. 

(iii) Fascist Counter-Revolution, Italy and Germany. 

(iv) The Chinese Revolution of 1949. 

22. World Wars: 

(i) 1st and 2nd World Wars as Total Wars : Societal implications. 

(ii) World War I : Causes and Consequences. 

(iii) World War II : Causes and Consequences. 

23. The World after World War II: 

(i) Emergence of Two power blocs.  

(ii) Emergence of Third World and non-alignment. 

(iii) UNO and the global disputes. 

24. Liberation from Colonial Rule: 

(i) Latin America-Bolivar. 

(ii) Arab World-Egypt. 

(iii) Africa-Apartheid to Democracy. 

(iv) South-East Asia-Vietnam. 

25. Decolonization and Underdevelopment: 

(i) Factors constraining Development ; Latin America, Africa. 

26. Unification of Europe:

(i) Post War Foundations ; NATO and European Community. 

(ii) Consolidation and Expansion of European Community 

(iii) European Union. 

27. Disintegration of Soviet Union and the Rise of the Unipolar World: 

(i) Factors leading to the collapse of Soviet Communism and Soviet Union, 1985-1991. 

(ii) Political Changes in East Europe 1989-2001. 

(iii) End of the Cold War and US Ascendancy in the World as the lone superpower. 

Paper 1 : 

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1. General Geology:

The Solar System, meteorites, origin and interior of the earth and age of  earth; Volcanoes—causes and products, Volcanic belts. Earthquakes—causes, effects, seismic of zone of India;  Island arcs,  trenches and mid-ocean ridges; Continental drift; Seafloor spreading, plate tectonics. Isostasy. 

2. Geomorphology and Remote Sensing:

• Basic concepts of geomorphology. Weathering and soil formations; Landforms, slopes and drainage. Geomorphic cycles and their interpretation. Morphology and its  relation to structures and lithology; Coastal geomorphology;  Applications of  geomorphology in mineral prospecting, civil engineering; hydrology and environmental studies; Geomorphology of Indian sub-continent.
• Aerial photographs and their interpretation—merits and limitations; The Electromagnetic spectrum. Orbiting Satellites and  Sensor Systems. Indian Remote Sensing Satellites. Satellite data products; Applications of remote sensing in geology; The Geographic Information System (GIS) and  Global Positioning System (GPS)—its applications. 

3. Structural Geology:

Principles of geologic mapping and map reading, projection diagrams, Stress and strain ellipsoid and stress-strain relationships of elastic,  plastic and viscous materials; Strain markers in deformed rocks.  Behaviour of minerals and rocks under deformation conditions.  Folds and faults classification and mechanics;  Structural analysis of folds, foliations, lineations, joints and faults, unconformities;  Time-relationship between crystallisation and deformation. 

4. Palaeontology:

Species—definition and nomenclature; Megafossils and Microfossils. Modes of preservation of fossils; Different kinds of microfossils; Application of microfossils in correlation, petroleum exploration, paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic studies; Evolutionary trend  in Hominidae, Equidae and Proboscidea. Siwalik fauna.  

Gondwana flora and fauna and its importance; Index fossils and their significance. 

5. Indian Stratigraphy:

Classification of stratigraphic sequences: lithostrati-graphic, biostratigraphic, chrono-stratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic and their interrelationships;  Distribution and classification of Precambrian rocks of India; Study of stratigraphic distribution and lithology of Phanerozoic rocks of India with reference to fauna, flora and economic importance. Major boundary problems—Cambrian/ Precambrian, Permian/Triassic, Cretaceous/Tertiary and Pliocene/Pleistocene; Study of climatic conditions, paleogeography and igneous activity in the Indian sub-continent in the geological past. Tectonic framework of India. Evolution of the Himalayas. 

6. Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology:

Hydrologic cycle and genetic classification of water; Movement of subsurface water; Springs; Porosity, permeability, hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity and storage coefficient, classification of aquifers; Water-bearing characteristics of rocks; Groundwater chemistry. Salt water intrusion. Types of wells. Drainage basin morphometry; Exploration for groundwater;  Groundwater recharge;  Problems and management of groundwater; Rainwater harvesting; Engineering properties of rocks; Geological investigations for dams, tunnels highways, railway and bridges; Rock as construction  material; Landslides causes, prevention and rehabilitation;  Earthquake-resistant structures. 

Paper 2 : 

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1. Mineralogy:

• Classification of crystals into systems and classes of symmetry; International system of crystallographic notation; Use of projection diagrams to represent crystal symmetry; Elements of X-ray crystallography. 
• Physical and chemical characteristics of rock forming silicate mineral groups; Structural classification of silicates; Common minerals of igneous and metamorphic rocks; Minerals of the carbonate, phosphate, sulphide and halide groups; Clay minerals. 
• Optical properties of common rock forming minerals; Pleochroism, extinction angle, double refraction, birefringence, twinning and dispersion in minerals.

2. Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology:

• Generation and crystallisation of magmas. Crystallisation of albite—anorthite, diopside—anorthite and diopside—wollastonite—silica systems. Bowen’s Reaction Principle; Magmatic differentiation and assimilation. Petrogenetic significance of the textures and structures of igneous rocks. Petrography and petrogenesis of granite, syenite, diorite, basic and ultrabasic groups, charnockite, anorthosite and alkaline rocks. Carbonatites. Deccan volcanic province. 
• Types and agents of metamorphism. Metamorphic grades and  zones; Phase rule. Facies of regional and contact metamorphism; ACF and AKF diagrams; Textures and structures of metamorphic rocks. Metamorphism of arenaceous, argillaceous and basic rocks; Minerals assemblages. Retrograde metamorphism; Metasomatism and granitisation, migmatites. Granulite terrains of India. 

3. Sedimenary Petrology:

Sedimentas and Sedimentary rocks: Processes of formation; diagenesis and lithification; Clastic and non-clastic rocks-their classification, petrography and depositional environment; Sedimentary facies and provenance. Sedimentary structures and their significance. Heavy minerals and their significance. Sedimentary basins of India. 

4. Economic Geology:

Ore, ore mineral and gangue, tenor of ore. Classification of ore  deposits; Processes of formation of mineral deposits; Controls of ore localisation; Ore textures and structures; Metallogenic epochs and provinces; Geology of the important Indian deposits of aluminium, chromium, copper, gold, iron, lead, zinc, manganese, titanium, uranium and thorium and  industrial minerals; Deposits of coal and petroleum in India, National Mineral Policy; Conservation and utilisation of mineral resources. Marine mineral resources and Law of Sea. 

5. Mining Geology:

Methods of prospecting—geological, geophysical, geochemical and geobotanical; Techniques of sampling. Estimation of reserves of ore; Methods of exploration and mining-metallic ores, industrial minerals, marine mineral resources and building stones.  Mineral beneficiation and ore dressing. 

6. Geochemistry and Environmental Geology:

• Cosmic abundance of elements. Composition of the planets and meteorites. Structure and composition of earth and distribution of elements. Trace elements. Elements of crystal chemistry-types of chemical bonds, coordination number. Isomorphism and polymorphism. Elementary thermodynamics. 
• Natural hazards—floods, mass wasting, coastal hazards, earthquakes and volcanic activity and mitigation; Environmental impact of urbanisation, mining, industrial and radioactive waste disposal, use of fertilisers, dumping of mine waste and fly-ash. Pollution of ground and surface water, marine pollution. Environment protection—legislative measures in India; Sea level changes: causes and impact. 

PAPER 1 : PRINCIPLES OF GEOGRAPHY

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Physical Geography:

1. Geomorphology: Factors controlling landform development; endogenetic and exogenetic forces; Origin and evolution of the earth’s crusts; Fundamentals of geomagnetism; Physical conditions of the earth’s interior; Geosynclines; Continental drift;  Isostasy; Plate tectonics; Recent views on  mountain building; Volcanicity; Earthquakes and Tsunamis; Concepts of geomorphic cycles and Landscape development; Denudation chronology; Channel morphology; Erosion surfaces; Slope development; Applied Geomorphology; Geomorphology, economic geology and environment.  

2. Climatology: Temperature and pressure belts of the world; Heat budget of the earth; Atmospheric circulation; Atmospheric stability and instability. Planetary and local winds; Monsoons and jet streams; Air masses and fronto; Temperate and tropical cyclones; Types and distribution of precipitation; Weather and Climate; Koppen’s Thornthwaite’s and Trewar Tha’s classification of world climate; Hydrological cycle; Global climatic change, and role and response of man in climatic changes Applied climatology and Urban climate.

3. Oceanography: Bottom topography of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans; Temperature and salinity of the oceans; Heat and salt budgets, Ocean deposits; Waves, currents and tides; Marine resources; biotic, mineral and energy resources; Coral reefs coral bleaching; Sea-level changes; Law of the sea and marine pollution.

4. Biogeography: Genesis of soils; Classification and distribution of soils; Soil profile; Soil erosion, Degrada-tion and conservation; Factors influencing world distribution of plants and animals; Problems of deforestation and conservation measures; Social forestry, agroforestry; Wild life; Major gene pool centres. 

5. Environmental Geography: Principle ecology; Human ecological adaptations; Influence of man on ecology and environment; Global and regional ecological changes and imbalances; Ecosystem their management and conservation; Environmental degradation, management and conservation; Biodiversity and sustainable development; Environmental policy; Environmental hazards and remedial measures;  Environmental education and legislation. 

Human Geography:

1. Perspectives in Human Geography: Areal differentiation; Regional synthesis; Dichotomy and dualism; Environmentalism; Quantitative revolution and locational analysis; Radical, behavioural, human and welfare approaches; Languages, religions and secularisation; Cultural regions of the world; Human development index. 

2. Economic Geography: World economic development: measurement and problems; World resources and their distribution; Energy crisis; the limits to growth; World agriculture: typology of agricultural regions; Agricultural inputs and productivity; Food and nutritions problems; Food security; famine: causes, effects and remedies; World industries: location patterns and problems; Patterns of world trade. 

3. Population and Settlement Geography: 

• Growth and distribution of world population; Demographic attributes; Causes and consequences of migration; Concepts of over-under-and optimum population; Population theories, world population problems and policies, Social well-being and quality of life; Population as social capital.
• Types and patterns of rural settlements; Environmental issues in rural settlements; Hierarchy of urban settlements; Urban morphology; Concept of primate city and rank-size rule; Functional classification of towns; Sphere of urban influence; Rural-urban fringe; Satellite towns; Problems and remedies of urbanisation; Sustainable development of cities. 

4. Regional Planning: Concept of a region; Types of regions and methods of regionalisation; Growth centres and growth poles; Regional imbalances; Regional development strategies; Environmental issues in regional planning; Planning for sustainable development. 

5. Models, Theories and Laws in Human Geography: System analysis in Human geography; Malthusian, Marxian and demographic transition models; Central Place theories of Christaller and Losch; Perroux and Boudeville; Von Thunen’s model of agricultural location; Weber’s model of industrial location; Ostov’s  model of stages of growth. Heart-land and Rimland theories; Laws of international boundaries and frontiers. 

PAPER 2 : GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA

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1. Physical Setting: Space relationship of India with neighbouring countries; Structure and relief; Drainage system and watersheds; Physiographic regions; Mechanism of Indian monsoons and rainfall patterns; Tropical cyclones and western disturbances; Floods and droughts; Climatic regions; Natural vegetation, Soil types  and their distributions.  

2. Resources: Land, surface and groundwater, energy, minerals, biotic and  marine  resources, Forest and wildlife resources and their conservation; Energy crisis. 

3. Agriculture: Infrastructure: irrigation, seeds, fertilisers, power; Institutional factors; land holdings, land tenure and land reforms; Cropping pattern, agricultural productivity, agricultural intensity, crop combination, land capability; Agro and social-forestry; Green revolution and its socio-economic and ecological implications; Significance of dry farming; Livestock resources and white revolution; Aqua-culture; Sericulture, Agriculture and poultry; Agricultural regionalisation; Agro-climatic zones; Agro-ecological regions. 

4. Industry: Evolution of industries; Locational factors of cotton, jute, textile, iron and steel, aluminium, fertiliser, paper, chemical and pharmaceutical, automobile, cottage and agro-based industries; Industrial houses and complexes including public sector undertakings; Industrial regionalisation; New industrial policy; Multinationals and liberalisation; Special Economic Zones; Tourism including ecotourism.

5. Transport, Communication and Trade: Road, railway, waterway, airway and pipeline networks and their complementary roles in regional development; Growing importance of ports on national and foreign trade; Trade balance; Trade Policy;Export processing zones; Developments in communication and information technology and their  impacts on economy and society; Indian space programme.

6. Cultural Setting: Historical Perspective of Indian Society; Racial linguistic and  ethnic diversities; religious minorities; Major tribes, tribal areas and their problems; Cultural regions;  Growth, distribution and density of population; Demographic attributes: sex-ratio, age structure, literacy rate, work-force, dependency ratio, longevity; migration (inter-regional, interregional and international) and associated problems; Population problems and policies; Health indicators. 

7. Settlements: Types, patterns and morphology of rural settlements; Urban developments; Morphology of Indian cities; Functional classification of Indian cities; Conurbations and metropolitan regions; Urban sprawl; Slums and associated problems; Town planning; Problems of urbanisation and remedies. 

8. Regional Development and Planning: Experience of regional planning in India; Five Year Plans; Integrated rural development programmes; Panchayati Raj and decentralised planning; Command area development; Watershed  management; Planning for backward area, desert, drought-prone, hill tribal area development; Multi-level planning; Regional planning and development of island territories. 

9. Political Aspects: Geographical basis of Indian federalism; State reorganisation; Emergence of new states; Regional consciousness and inter-state issues; International boundary of India and related issues; Cross-border terrorism; India’s role in world affairs;  Geopolitics of South Asia and Indian Ocean realm. 

10. Contemporary Issues: Ecological issues: Environmental hazards: landslides, earthquakes, Tsunamis, floods and droughts, epidemics; Issues related to environmental pollution; Changes in patterns of land use; Principles of environmental impact assessment and environmental management; Population explosion and food security; Environmental degradation; Deforestation, desertification and soil erosion; Problems of agrarian and industrial unrest; Regional disparities in economic development; Concept of sustainable growth and development; Environmental awareness; Linkage of rivers; Globalisation and Indian economy. 

NOTE: Candidates will be required to answer one compulsory map question pertinent to subjects covered by this paper.